KYIV, Ukraine (news agencies) — The Ukraine army’s surprise charge into Russia this week was a stunning maneuver that caught the Kremlin’s forces unawares.
The strategic goal of Ukraine’s biggest cross-border incursion in almost 900 days of the war remains unclear, but it counters Russia’s unrelenting effort in recent months to punch through Ukrainian defenses at selected points along the front line in eastern Ukraine.
The Russian offensive’s slow, grinding momentum has achieved only modest gains and brought heavy losses of troops and armor. But, bit by bit, the advances are adding up.
These summer months are critical for Ukraine and its depleted army. It must hold at bay its bigger and better-equipped enemy on the battlefield, while repairing — before winter arrives — a national power grid smashed by Russian missiles,
The roughly 1,000-kilometer (600-mile) front line remains largely deadlocked.
But at points in the east, especially in the Donetsk region. Russia is making a concerted push. Its army is exploiting the dry land to move its armor, the bushy tree lines for infantry cover, and the clear skies to launch powerful glide bombs that obliterate Ukrainian defenses.
The Russian advance is slow but relentless. Russia’s hallmark tactics are to use its artillery, missiles and bombs to reduce villages and hamlets to ruins, denying Ukrainians defensive cover and compelling them to pull back.
Moscow’s forces look to exploit weaknesses in the Ukrainian lines, driving a wedge into sections where troops levels are lower or where soldiers are being rotated out, analysts say.
The Russians are now menacing some key Ukrainian strongholds, whose fall would put the rest of the Donetsk region at risk: Pokrovsk, Toretsk and Chasiv Yar.
“Right now, the momentum is clearly on Russia’s side,” says Charles Kapuchan, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, a think tank in Washington. Even so, he says, the overall battlefield situation is “much closer to a stalemate.”
Though it currently has the momentum, and appears bent on chalking up some battlefield triumphs before the weather turns, Russia also has nagging problems.
Moscow’s army sustained more than 1,000 casualties a day in May and June as it bore down on Donetsk, according to the U.K. Defense Ministry.
And while it has overrun a string of small Ukrainian settlements — some of them little more than a ribbon of roadside houses — its advances “will likely slow further as Russian forces advance into a line of larger and more urban settlements,” the Institute for the Study of War, a Washington-based think tank, said last week.
Kapuchan, of the Council on Foreign Relations, isn’t expecting a major Russian breakthrough. Even if Russia can punch a hole in the line, “organizing a column that could advance deep behind Ukrainian lines is complicated” because of logistical and organizational demands that the military can’t satisfy.
“It’s not a high-quality force,” he said of the Russian army. But he added: “In a war of attrition, numbers matter.”
Kostiantyn Mashovets, an expert at Ukraine’s Center for Military and Political Research, reckons Russia is pushing hard now, because it “has reached the peak in building up its (military) forces and power.”
A turning point will come by the end of this year, he says, when the Kremlin will have to decide whether to launch a partial or full mobilization.
Ukraine added a new twist to the war by invading Russia’s Kursk province on Aug. 6. Officials in Kyiv have been tight-lipped about the advance of Ukrainian troops into Russia, not confirming it but not denying it either.
The surprise incursion launched from Ukraine’s northeastern Sumy region appears to be a tactic that opens a new area of conflict and, significantly, on Russian soil. The United States and Western allies who supply Ukraine with weapons have said little so far about Ukraine’s incursion.
Some analysts say it is a short-term foray, but others say it could be the start of a concerted push to seize the city of Kursk and a nearby nuclear power plant. It’s not certain what Ukraine’s strategy would be to hold territory inside Russia.
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